A Networked Perspective on Smuggling: Ineffective Policymaking and the Path to Saving the Formal Economy
Introduction In modern economies, the sustainability and efficiency of formal systems rely on the proper functioning of networks for supply, allocation, and resource consumption. Nonetheless, many economies face a destructive phenomenon: resource leakage and the transfer of economic energy to informal platforms (such as the smuggling market), which threaten the very foundations of the formal…